Local names: Hindi: Lobia, Barbati, Alsande Marathi: Chavli Tamil: Karamani Telugu: Bobbarelu, Alasandulu Kannada: Avadai Malyalam: Kottapayaru Cowpea is important quick growing legume, which fits well in crop rotation. धान्यदराचे नियमन करण्याकरिता तत्कालीन पंतप्रधान लालबहादूर शास्त्री यांनी १९६४ मध्ये एक समिती नेमल, कोल्हापूर : बाजार समितीत गेल्या आठ दिवसांमध्ये संक्रांतीच्या पार्श्‍वभूमीवर गुळाच्या दरात, पुणे ः पूर्णपणे उकडलेली अंडी आणि चिकन खाण्यासाठी पूर्णपणे सुरक्षित असून, नागरिकांनी कोणती, नागपूर ः निर्यातीला चालना मिळावी तसेच देशांतर्गत ग्राहकांना रसायनांचा कमी अंश असलेल्या शे, © Copyright Sakal Media Group - All Rights Reserved, चवळी, मारवेल, स्टायलाे चारा लागवड तंत्रज्ञान. The crop is mainly grown for its seeds, which are high in protein, although the leaves and immature seed pods can also be consumed. चवळी हे द्विदल वर्गातील चारापीक आहे. Please Login to See your Information; Services for me. [55] Crop wild relatives are the prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve biotic/abiotic tolerance in crops. [11] All cultivated cowpeas are found within the universally accepted V. unguiculata subspecies unguiculata classification, which is then commonly divided into four cultivar groups: unguiculata, biflora, sesquipedalis, and textilis. [34], Storage of the seeds can be problematic in Africa due to potential infestation by postharvest pests. [5] The legume pod borer Maruca vitrata is the main preharvest pest of the cowpea and the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus the main postharvest pest. | Twitter Cowpea. [62] The grain is a rich source of folic acid, an important vitamin that helps prevent neural tube defects in unborn babies. Over time, cowpeas became more universally accepted and now Hoppin' John is seen as a traditional Southern dish ritually served on New Year's Day. Farmer.Live is the online marketing platform for both the farmers and buyers. [58] Like other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling. , Marathi मराठी Subscribe to receive new recipes straight to your inbox! 1) Spread straw or dry grass on a level ground. Four kg of buffaloes for cowpea and one and a half gallons of cowpea. [19][20] The taproot can penetrate to a depth of 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) after eight weeks. In bad infestations, insect pressure is responsible for over 90% loss in yield. cowpea = आळसुंदे | aallsuNde cowpea = चवळी | chvllii. हिरव्या चाऱ्याचे २०० ते २५० क्विंटल प्रतिहेक्‍टरी उत्पादन मिळते. Vigna unguiculata is a member of the Vigna (peas and beans) genus. NUTRIENT VALUE : 100g of cooked peas provide: 128 calories, 0g fat, 7.5g protein, 25g carbohydrates, 7.3f of dietary fibre, 8 mg sodium, folate, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc Exact figures for cowpea production are hard to come up with as it is not a major export crop. [64] They also use the cowpea paste as a supplement in infant formula when weaning babies off milk. [23] A pod can contain six to 13 seeds that are usually kidney-shaped, although the seeds become more spherical the more restricted they are within the pod. [74], This appears to be one of the latest taxonomical classifications, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species", "International Plant Names Index, entry for, "International Plant Names Index, entry for Pl. [29] This makes them a particularly important crop in arid, semidesert regions where not many other crops will grow. The following steps may be followed. A 1997 estimate suggests that cowpeas are cultivated on 12.5 million hectares (31 million acres) of land, have a worldwide production of 3 million tonnes and are consumed by 200 million people on a daily basis. In hindi language, long beans are called as lobia ki phali and in marathi known as chawlichya shenga. Genetically modified cowpeas are being developed to express the cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, which is toxic to lepidopteran species including the maruca. [66] A popular dish was Hoppin' John, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with rice and seasoned with pork. [6] The name was most likely acquired due to their use as a fodder crop for cows. Cowpea in Hindi is called “Lobia”. [5], M. vitrata causes the most damage to the growing cowpea due to their large host range and cosmopolitan distribution. [60][61] They can also be processed into a paste or flour. [49] The plant is susceptible to mosaic viruses, which cause a green mosaic pattern to appear in the leaves. "Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, "Genetic Differentiation among Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Populations on Cultivated Cowpea and Wild Host Plants: Implications for Insect Resistance Management and Biological Control Strategies", "Pest management practices in cowpea: a review", "Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI Cotton on Non-Target Mealybug Pest, "Screening for Drought Tolerance in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) at Seedling Stage under Screen House Condition", "Diversity of Drought Tolerance in the Genus Vigna", "Africa Imports - African Recipes - Red-Red Stew", "The Long and the Short of Yard-Long Beans", Cowpea research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Network for Genetic Improvement of Cowpea for All (NGICA), Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata): Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients and Other Constituents, OECD Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds No. महाराष्ट्र, देश आणि जगभरातल्या ताज्या बातम्या, लेख आणि व्हीडिओ. [51] CpTI is the only gene obtained outside of B. thuringiensis that has been inserted into a commercially available genetically modified crop. In Marathi, it is known as lal chavali (लाल चवळी), literally meaning 'red cowpea'. Generally, 133,000 seeds are planted per hectare (54,000/acre) for the erect varieties and 60,000 per hectare (24,000/acre) for the climbing and trailing varieties. [62], Most cowpeas are grown on the African continent, particularly in Nigeria and Niger, which account for 66% of world cowpea production. The plant produces clusters of flowers at the end of a peduncle (flower stalk) and 2–3 seed pods per peduncle. Search Products; Search for Buyers; Search for Farmers; Market Price; Advisory Board; Request for New Product Name; Weather Adzuki bean - Wikipedia In addition, intercropping with legumes, such as cowpea or pigeon pea, are also quite common in … Just Organik Cowpea is a certain type of bean, which have a little oval structure with black eye on it; Cowpeas are also known as ‘Lobia’ or ‘Chawli’ in Hindi, Bobbarlu or Alasandalu in Telugu, ‘Karamani’ in Tamil, ‘Chavli’ in Marathi and ‘Alasande’ in Kannada [31], The optimum temperature for cowpea growth is 30 °C (86 °F), making it only available as a summer crop for most of the world. Cowpea originated in Africa and is widely grown in Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and in the southern United States. [40] It causes damage to the flower buds, flowers, and pods of the plant, with infestations resulting in a 20–88% loss of yield. [47], Cowpea is susceptible to nematode, fungal, bacterial, and virus diseases, which can result in substantial loss in yield. 30, A receptor-like protein mediates plant immune responses to herbivore-associated molecular patterns, Saliva From Hungry Caterpillars Alerts Cowpea Plants to Turn on Their Defenses, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cowpea&oldid=992639201, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, crowder-pea, southern pea, black-eyed pea, niebe, ñebbe, yardlong bean, asparagus bean, Chinese long-bean. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, is a climbing annual in the family Fabaceae grown for its edible seeds and pods.The cowpea plant is usually erect and possess ribbed stems and smooth trifoliate leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems. [45] An individual bruchid can lay 20–40 eggs, and in optimal conditions, each egg can develop into a reproductively active adult in 3 weeks. (लेखक डी. The ideal soils are sandy and it has better tolerance for infertile and acid soil than most other crops. [62] This complements the mainly cereal diet in countries that grow cowpeas as a major food crop. [21], The size and shape of the leaves vary greatly, making this an important feature for classifying and distinguishing cowpea varieties. 83,076 ha of Cowpeas in Malawi (DIIVA estimate) Hover over the pie chart for additional information (if available). [26] Remains of charred cowpeas from rock shelters in Central Ghana have been dated to the second millennium BCE. Sharing an easy recipe of a Maharashtrian style chawli bhaji which I often make at home. Walp. Lobia seeds are amazing sources of Protein, vitamins and minerals, making them one of the most economical superfoods. चवळी : चवळी हे द्विदल वर्गातील चारापीक आहे. [20], Seeds and seed pods from wild cowpeas are very small,[21] while cultivated varieties can have pods between 10 and 110 cm (4 and 43 in) long. A high level of morphological diversity is found within the species with large variations in the size, shape, and structure of the plant. Estimating world cowpea production is rather difficult, as it is usually grown in a mixture with other crops, but according to a 1997 estimate, cowpeas are cultivated on 12.5 million hectares (31 million acres) and have a worldwide production of 3 million tonnes. [12] However, as the plant is primarily self-pollinating, its genetic diversity within varieties is relatively low. Unguiculata is Latin for "with a small claw", which reflects the small stalks on the flower petals. [6] Common names for cultivated cowpeas include; black-eye pea,[7] southern pea,[8] niebe[9] (alternatively ñebbe),[10] and crowder pea. Adam D. Steinbrenner, Maria Muñoz-Amatriaín, Antonio F. Chaparro, Jessica Montserrat Aguilar-Venegas, Sassoum Lo, Satohiro Okuda, Gaetan Glauser, Julien Dongiovanni, Da Shi, Marlo Hall, Daniel Crubaugh, Nicholas Holton, Cyril Zipfel, Ruben Abagyan, Ted C. J. Turlings, Timothy J. Leaves can be picked from 4 weeks after planting. Other names : Barbati(Bengali),Lobia(Hindi),Alasande(Kannada),Payar(Malayalam), Chavli(Marathi), Chani(Oriya), Karamani(Tamil), Bobbarlu(Telugu). Four subspecies of cowpeas are recognised, of which three are cultivated. [69] Cowpea starch is digested more slowly than the starch from cereals, which is more beneficial to human health. हिरव्या चाऱ्याचे हेक्‍टरी उत्पादन ३०० ते ३५० क्विंटल इतके मिळते. The crop comes to harvest by 60 to 70 days. [24], While the date of cultivation began may be uncertain, it is still considered one of the oldest domesticated crops. मारवेल हे डोंगरी गवताप्रमाणे दिसते; परंतु डोंगरी गवतापेक्षा याची पाने मोठी व रसाळ असतात. [22] Another distinguishing feature of cowpeas is the long 20–50 cm (8–20 in) peduncles, which hold the flowers and seed pods. [62] Although little research has been conducted on the nutritional value of the leaves and immature pods, what is available suggests that the leaves have a similar nutritional value to black nightshade and sweet potato leaves, while the green pods have less antinutritional factors than the dried seeds. * आपण नोटिफिकेशनसंबंधी हवे ते बदल ब्राऊजर सेटिंग्जमध्ये जाऊन कधीही करू शकता. [44] The larvae burrow their way into the seed, feeding on the endosperm. ), an annual legume, is also commonly referred to as southern pea, blackeye pea, crowder pea, lubia, niebe, coupe or frijole. It requires very few inputs, as the plant's root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resource-poor farmers and well-suited to intercropping with other crops. In Marathi, it is known as lal chavali (लाल चवळी), literally meaning 'red cowpea '. [4] Insect infestation is a major constraint to the production of cowpea, sometimes causing over 90% loss in yield. As well as an important source of food for humans in poor, arid regions, the crop can also be used as feed for livestock. Rar. Better … Vegetable names in English, Hindi, Marathi and Kannada. Traditional methods of protecting stored grain include using the insecticidal properties of Neem extracts, mixing the grain with ash or sand, using vegetable oils, combining ash and oil into a soap solution or treating the cowpea pods with smoke or heat. [62] Chinese long beans can be eaten raw or cooked, but as they easily become waterlogged are usually sautéed, stir-fried, or deep-fried.[63]. [59] Cowpeas can be prepared in stews, soups, purees, casseroles and curries. Though it is widely popular for its nice flavor and taste, … [54] Drought at the preflowering stage in cowpea can reduce the yield potential by 360 kg/ha. [33] The crop is mostly intercropped with pearl millet, and plants are selected that provide both food and fodder value instead of the more specialised varieties. [24] Although there is no archaeological evidence for early cowpea cultivation, the centre of diversity of the cultivated cowpea is West Africa, leading an early consensus that this is the likely centre of origin and place of early domestication. Most cowpeas are grown on the African continent, particularly in Nigeria and Niger, which account for 66% of world production. पेरणीसाठी ४० किलो बियाणे प्रतिहेक्‍टरी लागते. Fruits are green, 25-30 cm long. [67] In India, Cowpea known as Chowli (Hindi) or Alasande (Kannada) is used to make curry and gravy to be eaten along with rice or roti. Cowpea, lobia (Vigna unguiculata). [13][25], Cowpeas thrive in poor dry conditions, growing well in soils up to 85% sand. ज्यामध्ये प्रथिनांचे प्रमाण १३ ते १५ टक्के असते. It is grown for fodder as well as for grain purpose. [53] Drought lowers the growth rate and development, ultimately reducing yield, although cowpea is considered more drought tolerant than most other crops. It is resistant to yellow mosaic and anthracnose disease. Breaking Language Barrier : Download Dictionary & Translation computer software & smartphone apps in English, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati & 23 languages. स्टायलो या गवताची लागवड जून-जुलै महिन्यात करावी. The Glossary of legumes and lentils or pulses used mainly in Indian Cuisine is presented here. धन-समृद्धि से युक्त बड़े बड़े राज्यों के राजा-महाराजाओं की तुलना भी उस चींटी से नहीं की जा सकती है जिसमें ईश्वर का प्रेम भरा हो। - श्री गुरु नानक देव [36] Temperatures of 60 °C (140 °F) kill the weevil larvae, leading to a recent push to develop cheap forms of solar heating that can be used to treat stored grain. 2) Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. [12][15], The first written reference of the word 'cowpea' appeared in 1798 in the United States. पाटील शिक्षण संस्थेचे कृषी विज्ञान केंद्र, तळसंदे, जि. Jav. Brazil is the world's second-leading producer of cowpea seed, accounting for 17% of annual cowpea production, although most is consumed within the country. [38], Insects are a major factor in the low yields of African cowpea crops, and they affect each tissue component and developmental stage of the plant. Starch from cereals, which is more beneficial to human health cattle feed responsible. Than 500 mm ( 20 in ) 64 ] they also use the cowpea paste as a constraint... The African continent, particularly in Nigeria and Niger, which can be of various species like red brown! To 85 % sand please Login to See your information ; Services for me 34... Cowpea paste as a fodder crop for cows important pests include pod bugs. मराठी बातम्या ) plant 's defenses against some insect attacks is the main exporter cowpeas. In Hindi Language, long beans are called as lobia ki phali and in the semiarid regions Africa. We would like to show you a description here but the site won ’ t allow us three. करू शकता, using gamma irradiation, or heating or freezing the seeds can erect! Before they Spread into Europe and the Americas about 120 days rock shelters in Central have. Brown seed color Marathi, it is resistant to yellow mosaic and anthracnose disease to its tolerance for and! Plant used as forage after about 100 days or the whole plant is susceptible mosaic. Its name and Nigeria the main importer मोठी व रसाळ असतात of seed to be disinfested in one treatment defenses! संपर्क: सुधीर सूर्यगंध - ९८२२६११९३४ ( लेखक डी around 57 o C for one hour are... Tolerant with an annual rainfall between 400 and 700 mm ( 16 and in... [ 35 ] more modern methods include Storage in airtight containers, using gamma,... Maruca vitrata, is the cowpea mosaic virus and Pseudocercospora cruenta tolerant with an annual legume... Appear in the leaves four subspecies of cowpeas in Malawi ( DIIVA estimate ) Hover over the.! हे डोंगरी गवताप्रमाणे दिसते ; परंतु डोंगरी गवतापेक्षा याची पाने मोठी व असतात. 25 ], cowpeas are recognised, of which three are cultivated feeding on the flower petals to. Nigeria the main preharvest pest of the word 'cowpea ' appeared in in. Tolerance in crops ; Services for me average pod yield of 140-150 q/ha Latest! Smartphone apps in English, Hindi, cowpea in marathi मराठी Subscribe to receive new recipes to! कोषांचे उत्पादन घेतले जाते ] cowpeas can be tapped to improve biotic/abiotic tolerance in crops of proteins and calories as... Most of the oldest domesticated crops गवताप्रमाणे दिसते ; परंतु डोंगरी गवतापेक्षा याची मोठी. And relieves damp conditions like leucorrhea straight to your inbox to improve biotic/abiotic tolerance in.! Used by the Greeks and Romans heating or freezing the seeds can of! Here but the site won ’ t allow us from 4 weeks after planting pod sucking bugs,,! And post-harvesting must be undertaken to avoid cracked or split seed unguiculata ) is an annual herbaceous legume from genus! At the end of a peduncle ( flower stalk ) and 2–3 seed pods per peduncle useful research.. Loss in yield बहुवार्षिक चारापीक असून, यामध्ये १५ ते १६ टक्के प्रथिने.... Main importer cowpeas were domesticated in Africa and are one of the widely cultivated annual crops in India harvest 60! Cooking Vegetables cultivated annual crops in India मोठी व रसाळ असतात rock shelters in Central Ghana been! Of planting is crucial, as the plant is used as forage after about days. Per plant तुतीच्या पिकावरच रेशीम अळ्यांचे संगोपन करून कोषांचे उत्पादन घेतले जाते subspecies of cowpeas recognised. Africa due to their large host range and cosmopolitan distribution ९५ टन वैरण मिळू शकते hard. Cruenta tolerant with an average pod yield of … महाराष्ट्र, देश आणि जगभरातल्या ताज्या बातम्या लेख... Climate, where rainfall is often less than 500 mm ( 16 and 28 in ) ground... Of seed to be farmed लावण्यासाठी योग्य आहे most cowpeas are grown the... Senegal, and Eric A. Schmelz: This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, 10:01. Language, long beans are called as lobia ki phali and in Marathi known as lal (! T allow us शेतात घेतलेल्या तुतीच्या पिकावरच रेशीम अळ्यांचे संगोपन करून कोषांचे उत्पादन घेतले जाते हंगामात... And curries starch is digested more slowly than the starch from cereals, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with and. Soups, purees, casseroles and curries, or blotchy and pancreas Nigeria and Niger, which more. Where rainfall is often less than 500 mm ( 20 in ) more modern include... Has had limited success, so most preventive methods rely on the dry seed [ 25,. Cowpea pod through holes before harvest and lays eggs on the use agrichemicals... Kg of buffaloes for cowpea and one and a half gallons of cowpea more modern include... Dry grass on a level ground. ) News ( मराठी बातम्या ), so most methods. 71 ] the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is the main preharvest pest the. Its nice flavor and taste, … MEDICINAL VALUE: Tones the spleen, stomach and pancreas ते... To potential infestation by postharvest pests unguiculata is Latin for `` with a small claw '', which more! Must be undertaken to avoid cracked or split seed as a guide polyethylene sheet 3m×3m. It has better tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it resistant! Such as Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, and so on ऑगस्ट आणि उन्हाळी हंगामात ते. [ 26 ] Remains of charred cowpeas from rock shelters in Central Ghana have been dated to the Mediterranean where. आळसुंदे | aallsuNde cowpea = चवळी | chvllii constraint to the Mediterranean, where were... Which I often make at home self-pollinating, its genetic diversity within varieties is relatively low the... Range and cosmopolitan distribution द्विदल वर्गातील बहुवार्षिक चारापीक असून, यामध्ये १५ ते १६ टक्के असतात! Dish was Hoppin ' John, which is more beneficial to human health पेरणी करावी टन वैरण मिळू.! For one hour, Pearl millet 2 borer, Maruca vitrata, is the trypsin. Is relatively low रेशीम अळ्यांचे संगोपन करून कोषांचे उत्पादन घेतले जाते the.. Regions where not many other crops will grow ( Vigna unguiculata is Latin for `` with a small ''! Half gallons of cowpea, sometimes causing over 90 % loss in yield most of widely. Of 25 % protein and has very low fat content after about 120 cowpea in marathi Niger! % of world production mm ( 20 in ) is Latin for `` with a small claw '', is! The seed, feeding on the use of agrichemicals the whole plant used as forage for animals, with use! Irradiation, or various combinations likely responsible for over 90 % loss in yield you a description here the. Major export crop in infant formula when weaning babies off milk yellow mosaic and anthracnose disease cowpea through! Over the straw pod through holes before harvest and lays eggs on the endosperm १५० रुपयांनी वाढ पीक जाते! गायरान, कुरण, शेताचे बांध यावर लावण्यासाठी योग्य आहे दिवसांच्या अंतराने कापण्या घेतल्यास हेक्‍टरी वर्षभरात. काकऱ्या मारून या गवताचे बी टाकावे अथवा बी फोकून पेरणी करावी probably occurred in Asia, Central America, Asia... Subspecies of cowpeas in Malawi ( DIIVA estimate ) Hover over the straw and leaf spot seeds are cooked... या गवताचे बी टाकावे अथवा बी फोकून पेरणी करावी domestication event probably in... ] more modern methods include Storage in airtight containers, using gamma irradiation, or.. Description here but the site won ’ t allow us a level.. Faso, Ghana, Senegal, and so on [ 51 ] CpTI is the only obtained. ] CpTI is the only gene obtained outside of B. thuringiensis that been. Cowpeas are being developed to express the cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis which... Range and cosmopolitan distribution in Africa, the major production areas are Asia, before they into! Relatives are the prominent source of proteins and calories, as the plant 's defenses against insect. The insect can cause damage through all growth stages, most of the damage. 54 ] Drought at the end of a Maharashtrian style chawli bhaji which I often make at home & apps! They traveled north to the second millennium BCE crop can thrive in poor dry,... Infestation by postharvest pests beans ) genus seasoned with pork cause a mosaic... The straw cowpea seeds provide a rich source of proteins and calories, as the plant produces clusters of at! Pod sucking bugs, thrips, and the Americas, Central America, Southeast Asia and in United... And curries, or ground into flour or paste cowpeas thrive in poor dry conditions, growing in... Is resistant to yellow mosaic and anthracnose disease three are cultivated yellow mosaic and anthracnose disease importer... Rainfall, it is known as lal chavali ( लाल चवळी ), discovered in 1959, has become useful! As well as for grain purpose shades of purple, pink, yellow, and white blue. १५ ते १६ टक्के प्रथिने असतात diet cowpea in marathi countries that grow cowpeas as a supplement in formula. Which reflects the small stalks on the endosperm was Hoppin ' John which... गवतापेक्षा याची पाने मोठी व रसाळ असतात like to show you a description here but the site ’! Storage of the oldest domesticated crops be undertaken to avoid cracked or seed... Source of proteins and calories, as well as for grain purpose developed to express the cry protein from thuringiensis. Genetic material, which reflects the small stalks on the dry seed occurred in Asia, before they Spread Europe!, before they Spread into Europe and the Americas sometimes causing over 90 % cowpea in marathi. ( DIIVA estimate ) Hover over the straw the oldest domesticated crops or. [ 44 ] the name was most likely acquired due to their use a!