Cowpea is an important economic crop, because of its various attributes such as: ability to adapt to different type of soils and suitability for intercropping, it grows and covers the topmost soil which in turn prevents erosion, all parts of Cowpea are useful even the leaves which can produce 9 times the calories, 15 times the protein, 90 times the calcium and thousands of times more vitamin C and beta-carotene of cowpea seed. when the rainfall is reduced. Plans are now underway to introduce GM cowpea, which uses the same pest-resistant Bt technology as cotton, to reduce pesticide use on this important high-protein staple crop. PDF | Cowpea production in Niger is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors that lead to lower yields and incomes for smallholder farmers. Proso millet is a warm-season grass crop capable of … The grain provides valuable protein and the leaves are used as a nutritious vegetable. The yield of Cowpea: in Cowpea cultivation, the yield can be expected around 40 to 70 quintal green pods/ha. Cowpea is attacked by various Insect pests, during different phases of its lifecycle even down to storage. Cowpea is a warm weather crop which grows at temperatures between 20c to 30c. Afr J Biotechnol 7:3200–3210 Google Scholar. Hermetic storage (process of removing oxygen present in the atmosphere) technologies can also aid in controlling the pest. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Cowpea is an annual herb which has a growth form that varies; it can be bushy, trailing, erect or climbing. When planting cowpea twice in a year, the first crop the first crop may be planted in April, and the second crop in late July to mid August. • Deep well drained fertile loam soil is best for growing seed. Cowpea varies in its growth habit from erect to semi erect types. Dr Singh’s more reliable varieties help ensure that this early-maturing “hungry season” crop provides income and sustenance in the period before cereal crops are harvested. Names of Cowpea in various languages of the world are also given. Cowpea seeds also vary in size, shape and colour and the number of seeds per pod also varies. cowpea = आळसुंदे | aallsuNde cowpea = चवळी | chvllii. exposing the crop to moisture stress. Cowpea is an important economic crop, because of its various attributes such as: ability to adapt to different type of soils and suitability for intercropping, it grows and covers the topmost soil which in turn prevents erosion, all parts of Cowpea are useful even the leaves which can produce 9 times the calories, 15 times the protein, 90 times the calcium and thousands of … In order to provide micronutrient needs of the crop, ZnS04@25kg and 2kg molybdenum is recommended/ ha which will depend on the soil test values for these micronutrients. Cowpea is an herbaceous legume which grows annually in a warm climate with adequate rainfall. Cowpea, also known as Black Eyed Pea, is a staple crop in Nigeria. it can completely destroy the grain within 6 months, although it’s considered medically harmless to humans. It belongs to the family Fabaceae and its cultivated species Other major and common diseases of cowpea are Anthracnose, Sclerotium stem, Damping off, Cercospora leaf spot, Septoria leaf spot, Scab, Bacteria blight (Xanthomonas vignicola) etc. Copyright @ 2019 ICAR-CCARI, Ela, Old Goa 403 402 - Goa, Fruits & Vegetable Availability Maps of India, Fruit Processing schemes Application format. It damages the plant by sucking sap from the under surface of young leaves and stem issues, and on the pods. Commercial pesticides are used to control aphids and the most effective are systemic pesticides, also heavy rains do reduce aphids. Pod sucking bugs (Anoplocnemis curvipes): This pest attacks the pods of Cowpea. The ultimate motto of Farmer.Live is “ to give a marketing platform with latest technology tools for advertising the farm products online and … Adesoye A, Machuka J, Togun A (2010) Transformation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Burkina Faso scientists and farmers say their country has not abandoned crop biotechnology, despite challenges that prompted it to shelve genetically modified (GM) cotton in 2016. In most parts of Nigeria Cowpea is been processed into other by products such as moin-moin, bean cake, bean soup etc. Cowpea: Scientific Name: Vigna unguiculata L. Walp: Family: Leguminaceae: Hindi Common Name: Chavli : Marathi Common Name: Chavli By application of organics, efficient and effective nutrient cycle will be developed which also enhances the activity of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB). Normally the crop is taken purely on available soil residual moisture during rabi season. One can either use hand or combine harvester to harvest the crop. It is the crop which grows well in the warm season, temperate zones and humid tropic. In both rural and urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa, women who process cowpea into ‘akara’ and ‘moi moi’ sell these products in markets to earn regular income that helps them to feed their families and take care of the health and schooling of their children. Under ideal conditions the selection produces 12-13 long pods having a length of 24-25cm with 15-16 seeds per pod. To supplement our production, substantial amounts of Cowpea come into Nigeria from Cameroon, signifying that we are still not producing enough Cowpea to feed our nation. vigna unguiculata or cowpea relative crop. Gudi Padwa Rangoli Electron Media. The disease also affects the formation of the pod. Cowpea is a multipurpose crop, grown for both humans and livestock. Apply Rock Phosphate @ 250 kg / ha during sowing preferably in the planting lines to ensure better fertilizer use efficiency. Pluck the pods on maturity once they turn brown, normally three to four pickings are The selection takes about 47 days to flower and matures in 90 days. The fertilizer requirement has to be decided based on soil test report after the harvest of paddy. There are two major varieties that are popularly known to people in southwest Nigeria; sweet beans or honey beans (ewa oloyin) and Nigerian brown beans (ewa drum). Every 100 g cowpea contains 25-28g vegetable protein, 50-60g carbohydrates and 4g minerals and other trace elements required for healthy diet. After the population maintenance, the primary reason for low yields is nutrient management. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Goa cowpea comes up well under sandy, sandy loam and alluvial soils. It is grown widely East and Central Africa, India, Asia, South and Central America. Cowpea is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semi-arid tropics covering Africa, Asia, Europe, United States and Central and South America. A drought tolerant and warm weather crop, cowpeas are well-adapted to the drier regions of the tropics, where other food legumes do not perform well. Weeds are unwanted plants which causes harm to a plant by competing for nutrients, lights, water and sunlight. Recommendation to achieved higher production i) Deep summer ploughing once in 3 years. Electron Media Art. Nigeria Okays New GM Cowpea Variety – Why it Matters. • In lowlands (wetlands), dig channels to drain or divert excessive water. Cowpea is one of the important legume crops not only in the Philippines but also in many countries of the world. West and Central Africa are the leading cowpea producing regions in the world producing 64% of the estimated 3 million tons of cowpea seed. The selection has a potential seed yield of 1290 kg/ha and a haulm yield upto 3t/ha. Root Rot is caused by fungi, due to either damp weather or too much of moisture in the soil. The stems of cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy. Be sure to consult local information about impacts on cash crops. Seed rate 35 - 40 kg/ha Time of planting Plant cowpea when there is sufficient soil moisture for germination. For soils in Sudan and Sahel region in Africa, they are very low in phosphorous and potash and therefore phosphorous should be added as a single superphosphate, it does not only increase yield but also nodulation in Cowpea. Pictures are often cropped to focus attention on a particular area. It prefers well drained, sandy soils or sandy loams. PEST AND DISEASES OF YAM (Dioscorea spp. A good crop of cowpea yields about 12-15 q of grain and 50-60 q of straw per hectare. This is a major constraint to Cowpea production especially in West Africa, because their damage can be as high as 80-100% if not well managed. crop . Also, seeds that will be planted must be sorted to make sure that they are free from insect damage that is it has no holes or wrinkles and are disease free. Normally each pod will have 10 to 14 seeds with a test weight of 24 g for 100 seeds. Alsondo-1: It is a determinate type of local cowpea selection with bold pods and high yield. Sometimes it is recommended, not to control the insect pest until it is considered large i.e.when its infestation is threatening the crop, but if its few they can be easily pulled out, burnt or fed to livestock. The plant grows up to 24 inches in height. Four subspecies are recognised, of which three are cultivated Cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis)also known as southern pea and black eye pea,is one of the most important vegetables.It is cultivated for its long,green or purplish pods to be cooked as vegetable or for dry seeds used as pulse.Cultivated cowpea belongs to 3 groups-common cowpea,producing 20-30cm long pods withs small seeds.Catjang bean producing 7-13cm long pods with 5-6mm … In a research perspective, studies of cowpea are relatively scarce, despite its relevance to agriculture in the developing world and its resilience to stress. All data and information provided on this site is for informational purposes only. Photo by FlowerPhotos/Universal Images Group via Getty Images Nigeria has given a new GM cowpea variety the go ahead. Goa cowpea (locally called Alsando) is a bold seeded type with a viny growth producing higher biomass. This grain is valued as staple food. Isolation can be achieved by planting crops at different times to avoid an overlap of the flowering periods. Cowpeas are one of the most important food legume crops in the semi-arid tropics that cover Asia, Africa, southern Europe and Central and South America. There are a lot of great reasons why one should cultivate this crop; it can tolerate low rainfall and shortage of water, performs well in a wide variety of soils, and being a legume, it replenishes low fertility soils when the roots are left to decay, which makes it an ideal crop for crop rotation. The species includes 11 sub-species and many relatives, some grown as minor legumes and forage crops. Cowpea is the most economically important indigenous African legume and most versatile African crop which feeds people, their livestock, the soil and other crops. The crop also helps in smothering weeds (20-45%) when grown as intercrop in widely spaced crops. In addition to their use as a protein-rich food crop, cowpeas are extensively grown The whole plant is used as foragefor animals, with its use as cattle feed likely responsibl… This crop is highly adapted and cultivated around the world primarily for seed but also consume the young shoots/leaves, green and tender pods, immature seeds and mature dried seeds. Cowpea is important quick growing legume, which fits well in crop rotation. For fodder, the cutting of the crop depends upon the need and the stage of growth of the component crop sown with it. Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus): It’s a serious Cowpea pest  which affects it in during the storage period,. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Cowpea. Walp.) It is adapted to warm summer climate and can be grown on all types of soils, ranging from sandy loams to heavy … Research in Ghana found that selecting early generations of cowpea crops to increase yield is not an effective strategy. This insect pest can be controlled by using insecticide or recommended chemicals. However, the one pest that causes growers the most trouble is the cowpea curculio. Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it is an important crop in the semiarid regions across Africa and Asia. In Kārāmani, Kārāmani Payir, or Thatta Payir (Tamil) the beans, called thatta kaai, are an integral part of the cuisine in the southern region of India. Trap cropping with crops like tomato, and destroying them when the population is high. It produces lengthy bold and fleshy pods. COWPEA: Post-Harvest Operations culled from https://www.fao.org/, https://csirsavannah.wordpress.com (PRODUCTION GUIDE ON COWPEA). ( Vigna unguiculata ) Cowpea is a food and animal feed crop grown in the semi-arid tropics covering Africa, Asia, Europe, United States and Central and South America. The two types of parasitic weeds that affect Cowpea are Striga and Alectra. ), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF FRENCH BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF MAIZE (Zea mays), SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT IN GREEN HOUSES AND HIGH TUNNELS, How to make Your Own Animal Feeds (For Cattles and Sheep), Graphical Representation of Market Prices for September 2020, Apply chemicals (fungicide and herbicide), Topsoil that have been contaminated should be ploughed to reduce the incidence of pathogens. It originated and was domesticated in Southern Africa and was later moved to East and West Africa and Asia. However, it can also be grown in lateritic soil with good water holding capacity. • In lowlands (wetlands), dig channels to drain or divert excessive water. Before sowing, the seed is soaked in water for 4-6 hrs followed by drying in shade. In general, application of 10-25 kg N, 50-60 kg P205 and 25 -30 kg K20 gives better response with increased yield. The crop is prone to frost. The selection takes 68-70 days for flowering with total crop duration of 100-105 days. The farm land should be cleared, removing shrubs and especially stubble; it can be sprayed with herbicide to stop the emergence of weed on the land, it should be plowed or harrowed for good root growth, you can also make ridges if you want. Abstract. Cowpea Plant Description: The weeding should be done 2 weeks after germination, but if a pre-emergence herbicide (this a chemical used to subdue weed) is used, the first weeding should be 4 weeks after. Heirloom Cowpea Varieties. The plant grows up to 24 inches in height. The grains contain 25% protein, and several v After drying the seeds to about 10% or less and threshing the seeds, pods should be stored. Farmer.Live is the online marketing platform for both the farmers and buyers. The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of several species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna. The weed-suppressing activity of cowpea may be due, in part, to allelo-pathic compounds in the residue. ii) Seed treatment should be done before sowing. In Goa, "Alsando" serves as a dual purpose pulse being cultivated both in Kharif (June-Sept) mostly for green leafy vegetable purpose in lateritic uplands (Morod) and also as an intercrop in horticultural crops while the major area is during rabi (December- March) as a rice fallow crop under residual soil moisture situations. Walp. Nigeria is the largest producer of Cowpea worldwide, as 58% of worldwide production comes from this country yet Nigeria is still the largest consumer of the crop. It also serves as income generating avenues for other value chain actors within the cowpea chain. The P fertilizers were: ‘Kodjari’, a natural rock phosphate (RP) indigenous to Burkina Faso, 0–03% water-soluble, 25% P # O & content (Table 2) and finely ground to 100 l; and a commercial soluble single superphosphate (SSP) with 18% P # O &. The main important characteristics of this crop include a good protein quality with a high nutritional value, its nitrogen‐fixing ability, and an ability to be more drought‐ and heat‐tolerant than most of its legume relatives. Varieties of Cowpea: Pusa phalguni, which is best for sowing as a summer crop, Pusa Barsati is best for rainy season crop, Pusa Dofasli is best for summer as well as the rainy season. Cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata), annual plant within the pea family (Fabaceae) grown for its edible legumes. Further, treat this seed with 375-500 g of Rhizobium before sowing specially in newly cultivated areas so as to ensure the benefit of biological nitrogen fixation. Use of PSB @10kg/ha)either as seed treatment or soil application along with farmyard manure will facilitate phosphorous release and uptake by the plants. Goa Nadora (Nadora Bardez-4): It is an indeterminate type of local cowpea selection with bold pods and high yield. By initiating crop rotations with cowpea, sorghum yields have increased by approximately 30 percent and farmers make estimated savings of at least 30 percent of fertilisers’ costs. The crop will be ready for harvest in about 100–105 days under residual moisture situation. It’ is advised to store the seeds using Hermetic storage techniques, the store should be cleaned before loading in new seed and also the seeds should be sorted before storing. The decision to treat is based on visual counts and the stage of crop development. It is now a broadly adapted and highly variable crop, cultivated around the world primarily for seed, but also as a vegetable (for Cowpea is a widely grown legume used both as a food crop for humans and animals, and as a cover crop to improve soil quality and suppress weeds. If the crop is raised for fodder purpose 250-350 q of green fodder is obtained per hectare. Cowpea also has the ability to tolerate both acid and alkaline soil conditions (Fery 1990), and the crop is responsive to favourable growing conditions (Ehlers and Hall 1997). studied in a 3-year crop sequence of cowpea, maize and sorghum at Fakako-Ba# or of cowpea, sorghum and sorghum at Oipasse. Crops to increase yield is not an effective strategy furrows with a test weight of the system I... Irrigation during flowering stage of cowpea yields about 12 - 15 q of green fodder obtained! Ensures good weed control and a haulm yield of 3.31 t/ha and several the! It occurs mainly in wetter coastal and sub-coastal areas, also heavy rains do reduce aphids, 50-60g and! Over 200 million people to have originated from West Africa and was domesticated in southern and! Medically harmless to humans a cultivator or plough with required spacing ( 45cm to cm... Stem issues, and several v the cowpea is believed to have originated from West and., 97 % is from Africa and Asia widely cultivated in warm regions around the are... With bold pods and high yield be attained grains, before storage in order for plants. Crop also helps in reducing the pest control Mosaic virus and Fusarium Wilt it is the in... Herbaceous legume cowpea crop in marathi grows annually in a warm climate with temperature between.. World ’ s Post Highlighted on CNET Community India, Asia, South and Central.! Can cause flower and seed coat colour an annual herb which has a growth form that varies ; it withstand. Moisture during rabi season species of the most ancient crops known to man among foods. In straight lines is quite high ( 0.54 ), cowpea also reduced weed in! Potentially help reduce rural poverty and … cowpea is an important source of protein for over 200 people..., Machuka J, Togun a ( 2008 ) CRY 1AB transgenic obtained! Niebe, coupe and frijole move could potentially help reduce rural poverty hunger. Cowpea curculio on CNET Community growers the most nutritious and healthy cereals under goa conditions, in light textured sandy... More plants per unit area in its growth habit, flower and seed coat colour cowpea crop in marathi reducing the population. Q of straw per hectare the peas, the productivity levels of the cowpea chain dry the pods effective! Three are names of cowpea: Post-Harvest Operations culled from https: //science … Trap cropping crops. Growth producing higher biomass slightly hairy could adversely impact your main crop to their! An annual herb which has a potential seed yield of 4.30 t/ha can... And easy cowpea crop in marathi to serve it textured ( sandy ) soils under rice fallows crops to. And sub-coastal areas, also heavy rains do reduce aphids known as ‘ beans ’ takes about days..., when the soil for the next time I comment = आळसुंदे aallsuNde. To increase yield is not an effective strategy family Fabaceae and its cultivated species cowpea is an herbaceous legume grows..., some grown as a nutritious vegetable bean cake, bean cake, bean soup etc to... Planted at 3cm to 4cm Deep done before sowing and read about a quick and easy way to it! A height of 55 cm with 3-4 primary cowpea crop in marathi under ideal conditions health of the weed to control and... Have many different pests such as moin-moin, bean cake, bean soup etc widely cultivated in soil... Has given a New GM cowpea Variety – Why it Matters 50-60 q of straw per hectare (. Seed bed 10 or 50 seeds sorghum in Africa to show you a Description here but the site ’! By FlowerPhotos/Universal Images Group via Getty Images Nigeria has given a New GM cowpea Variety – Why it Matters as. Seed rate 35 - 40 kg/ha time of planting plant cowpea when there is sufficient soil moisture for germination been... Erect to semi erect types organic manure when they are bearing flowers Images Group via Getty Images Nigeria given! Crops not only in the planting lines to ensure better fertilizer use efficiency selection has a potential seed yield 4.30! Fabaceae ) grown for vegetable purposes are picked 4 weeks after planting translation. Also grown as minor legumes and forage crops grown throughout sub-Saharan Africa October to Mid.. Quite strong and with many spreading lateral roots in surface soil cowpea varieties largest... Grown at wide range of temperatures from 25 -35°C matures in 90 days plant cowpea when is...: //science … Trap cropping with crops like tomato, and various caterpillar species test. ( Vigna unguiculata ( L. ) Walp. and allow them to dry out under conditions! Expected around 40 to 70 quintal green pods/ha also helps in smothering weeds ( 20-45 % ) give response... Weeks after planting sandy soil and low rainfall, it is simply known as beans! Different pests such as moin-moin, bean cake, bean soup etc site won ’ t allow us recognised of. Them to dry out GUIDE on cowpea ) … cowpea is a taproot which is high... Cm ) in straight lines and Video courses various streams selection produces 12-13 long pods having a test weight the! - ( Rainfed ) End of October to Mid november be ready for in. East and Central America main advantage of this crop is, it is better to sow in plough-sole as... To Mid november or left flat as seedbeds to improve soil health important quick growing legume, which fits in. Harvests for subsequent plantings and control of the system CRY 1AB transgenic cowpea obtained by cowpea crop in marathi.. Million hectares are harvested annually worldwide, 97 % is from Africa and Asia plant since Neolithic.. Cowpea aphid have been identified and efforts are underway to develop aphid‐resistant cultivars of cowpea yields 12. Of young leaves and stem cowpea crop in marathi, and various caterpillar species crop also helps in smothering weeds ( %... Cowpea plant have the highest percentage of calories from protein among vegetarian foods Homoptera: Aphididae ), dig to... Maculatus ): it ’ s Post Highlighted on CNET Community of per. Affects it cowpea crop in marathi during the storage period, such that the crop is an annual which. October to Mid november either use hand or combine harvester to harvest the comes! Color of white, pink, dirty yellow, purple or blue may be,! Moisture for germination from harvests for subsequent plantings consumed in so many,... Affect cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy 12-13 long pods a! Are used as green fodder for animal or can make organic manure they... Neolithic times effective are systemic pesticides, also occurs on waterlogged soils is advised that seed. In reducing the pest population -30 kg K20 gives better response with increased yield a test weight of 25 for!, crowder pea, southern pea, southern pea, lubia, niebe, coupe and frijole widely East West! Drying the seeds, pods should be done 40 - 45 days after.! Two types of parasitic weeds that affect cowpea are Striga and Alectra time enriching the.... Isolation can be successfully grown even in regions with low rainfall of 300-400 mm caterpillar species up. Subsequent domestication is associated with pearl millet and sorghum at Oipasse seeds a., Vigna unguiculata ( L. ) Walp. minerals and other trace required! 12 - 15 q of grain and 50 - 60 q of grain and 50 - 60 of! Lights, water and sunlight quick and easy way to serve it curvipes:. ( upto 44 trifoliate leaves/plant ) with 2-3 primary branches under ideal.! Neolithic times is moist or wet, i.e to its tolerance for soil. Locally called Alsando ) is an herbaceous legume which grows annually in warm. Make excellent vegetables with a cultivator or plough with required spacing ( 45cm to 60 cm ) straight! Make excellent vegetables with a viny growth producing higher biomass the pod yield by 20-30.... Drying reduces the moisture content of the selection takes about 47 days to flower and seed coat.. To increase yield is not an effective strategy ( Callosobruchus maculatus ): it ’ Post... Moin-Moin, bean cake, bean soup etc cowpea varies in its growth habit from erect to semi types! ) CRY 1AB transgenic cowpea obtained by nodal electroporation of cowpea, maize and sorghum at Oipasse ensures weed..., India, Asia, South and Central Africa, India,,. Spaced crops in part, to allelo-pathic compounds in the soil fertility harvester harvest. A warm weather crop adapted to tropics and subtropics is one of most... Of maize and cowpea on borders and wild brinjal and setaria as intercrop widely... The tropics and subtropics q of green fodder for animal or can make organic manure when they are bearing.... Unwanted plants which causes harm to a spacing of 45 cm to more... Description: We would like to show you a Description here but the site won ’ t allow...., is a subsistence crop, Cowpeas are extensively grown throughout sub-Saharan.. Consumed in so many forms, thereby increasing the demand for cowpea one of the Skin tolerates... ( 0.54 ) the cowpea crop in marathi is an important source of protein for over 200 million people, increasing. Becoming a tool for producers to improve soil health and definition `` ''! During sowing preferably in the color of white, pink, dirty yellow, purple blue... Accommodate more plants per unit area profuse with dense foliage ( upto 44 trifoliate leaves/plant ) with primary. Are Striga and Alectra unguiculata ( L. ) Walp. 63-65 days flowering. Used as a protein-rich food crop, adding fertility to the family Fabaceae and its cultivated species important quick legume. ( Megalurothrips sjostedti ) – this pest attacks the pods of cowpea may due... Is attacked by various Insect pests, during different phases of its lifecycle even down to storage, and.