Jav. [24] Although there is no archaeological evidence for early cowpea cultivation, the centre of diversity of the cultivated cowpea is West Africa, leading an early consensus that this is the likely centre of origin and place of early domestication. [62] Chinese long beans can be eaten raw or cooked, but as they easily become waterlogged are usually sautéed, stir-fried, or deep-fried.[63]. [28] The first written references to the cowpea were in 300 BC and they probably reached Central and North America during the slave trade through the 17th to early 19th centuries. Brazil is the world's second-leading producer of cowpea seed, accounting for 17% of annual cowpea production, although most is consumed within the country. [38], Insects are a major factor in the low yields of African cowpea crops, and they affect each tissue component and developmental stage of the plant. It is also called “Bobbarlu” in Telugu, “Karamani” in Tamil, “Chavli” in Marathi and “Alasande” in Kannada. [64] They also use the cowpea paste as a supplement in infant formula when weaning babies off milk. [16] Black-eyed pea, a common name used for the unguiculata cultivar group, describes the presence of a distinctive black spot at the hilum of the seed. बुलडाणा) तालुका परिसरात मोहरी... नाशिक जिल्ह्यातील कृषी पदवीधर सौरभ जाधव व... मागील पावसाळ्यात महाराष्ट्राच्या बहुतांश... मराठवाड्यात या वर्षी समाधानकारक पाऊस झाल्यामुळे... नवी दिल्ली ः सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने कृषी... पुणे : देशातील शेतकऱ्यांना बंदिस्त बाजारपेठांच्या... जळगाव ः कापूसदरात या आठवड्यात वाढ झाली असून,... नाशिक ः आता हे संकटाचं सलग तिसरं वर्ष. Cowpea seeds provide a rich source of proteins and calories, as well as minerals and vitamins. Other names : Barbati(Bengali),Lobia(Hindi),Alasande(Kannada),Payar(Malayalam), Chavli(Marathi), Chani(Oriya), Karamani(Tamil), Bobbarlu(Telugu). या पिकाची लागवड जून ते ऑगस्ट आणि उन्हाळी हंगामात फेब्रुवारी ते एप्रिल या कालावधीत करावी. A second domestication event probably occurred in Asia, before they spread into Europe and the Americas. [37] One of the more recent developments is the use a cheap, reusable double-bagging system (called PICs) that asphyxiates the cowpea weevils. [74], This appears to be one of the latest taxonomical classifications, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species", "International Plant Names Index, entry for, "International Plant Names Index, entry for Pl. मिश्र पिकासाठी २० किलो बियाणे लागते. हे द्विदल वर्गातील बहुवार्षिक चारापीक असून, यामध्ये १५ ते १६ टक्के प्रथिने असतात. Italian millet: Setaria italica Syama dhan (Bengali), Ral Kang (Gujarati), Kangni (Hindi), Thene Black-eyed peas were first introduced to the southern states in the United States and some early varieties had peas squashed closely together in their pods, leading to the other common names of southern pea and crowder pea. Adzuki bean - Wikipedia In addition, intercropping with legumes, such as cowpea or pigeon pea, are also quite common in … [41], Severe C. maculatus infestations can affect 100% of the stored peas and cause up to 60% loss within a few months. हे गवत गायरान, कुरण, शेताचे बांध यावर लावण्यासाठी योग्य आहे. "Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, "Genetic Differentiation among Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Populations on Cultivated Cowpea and Wild Host Plants: Implications for Insect Resistance Management and Biological Control Strategies", "Pest management practices in cowpea: a review", "Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI Cotton on Non-Target Mealybug Pest, "Screening for Drought Tolerance in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) at Seedling Stage under Screen House Condition", "Diversity of Drought Tolerance in the Genus Vigna", "Africa Imports - African Recipes - Red-Red Stew", "The Long and the Short of Yard-Long Beans", Cowpea research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Network for Genetic Improvement of Cowpea for All (NGICA), Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata): Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients and Other Constituents, OECD Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds No. [20], Outside Africa, the major production areas are Asia, Central America, and South America. चिकन, अंडी खाण्यास पूर्णपणे सुरक्षित ः पशुसंवर्धन... चिकन, अंडी खाण्यास पूर्णपणे सुरक्षित ः... कोल्हापूर : गुळाच्या दरात १५० रुपयांनी... SevenMantras - Buy Fruits Vegetables Online. Cowpeas were domesticated in Africa and are one of the oldest crops to be farmed. [21], Compared to most other important crops, little is known about the domestication, dispersal, and cultivation history of the cowpea. As well as an important source of food for humans in poor, arid regions, the crop can also be used as feed for livestock. [33] The crop is mostly intercropped with pearl millet, and plants are selected that provide both food and fodder value instead of the more specialised varieties. Unguiculata is Latin for "with a small claw", which reflects the small stalks on the flower petals. The site provides for each vegetable, including rare vegetable crops, details of botany, origins, cultivation, uses, cuisine, nutrition and medical uses. [17], A large morphological diversity is found within the crop, and the growth conditions and grower preferences for each variety vary from region to region. फुले क्रांती ही या पिकाची महत्त्वपूर्ण जात आहे. Genetically modified cowpeas are being developed to express the cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, which is toxic to lepidopteran species including the maruca. स्टायलो या गवताची लागवड जून-जुलै महिन्यात करावी. Proper handling at the time of harvesting and post-harvesting must be undertaken to avoid cracked or split seed. (Hasskarl)", "Southern Peas - Gardening Solutions - University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences", "Niebe: A Food of Choice to Combat Hunger", "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cowpea (, "The Potential Role of Neglected and Underutilised Crop Species as Future Crops under Water Scarce Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa", "Toxicity and repellence of African plants traditionally used for the protection of stored cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus". पंढरपुरी पेढ्याला भाविकांची पसंती; आषाढीसाठी बाहेरूनही येतात पेढे विक्रेते - Latest Marathi News (मराठी बातम्या). Know your Vegetables provides all you need to know about growing and cooking vegetables. Search Products; Search for Buyers; Search for Farmers; Market Price; Advisory Board; Request for New Product Name; Weather [57], Cowpeas are grown mostly for their edible beans, although the leaves, green seeds and pods can also be consumed, meaning the cowpea can be used as a food source before the dried peas are harvested. ), an annual legume, is also commonly referred to as southern pea, blackeye pea, crowder pea, lubia, niebe, coupe or frijole. [19][21] Their texture and colour are very diverse. Breaking Language Barrier : Download Dictionary & Translation computer software & smartphone apps in English, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati & 23 languages. As a guide polyethylene sheet measuring 3m×3m may allow 50kg of seed to be disinfested in one treatment. Get in Touch. 2) Spread a black polyethylene sheet over the straw. Though it is widely popular for its nice flavor and taste, … The timing of planting is crucial, as the plant must mature during the seasonal rains. [6] Sesquipedalis in Latin means "foot and a half long", and this subspecies which arrived in the United States via Asia is characterised by unusually long pods, leading to the common names of yardlong bean, asparagus bean, and Chinese long-bean. चवळी हे द्विदल वर्गातील चारापीक आहे. [51] CpTI is the only gene obtained outside of B. thuringiensis that has been inserted into a commercially available genetically modified crop. The ideal soils are sandy and it has better tolerance for infertile and acid soil than most other crops. लागणीसाठी दोन डोळ्यांच्या हेक्‍टरी २० ते २२ हजार कांड्या लागतात. [40] Biological control has had limited success, so most preventive methods rely on the use of agrichemicals. [70], The cowpea has often been referred to as "poor man's meat" due to the high levels of protein found in the seeds and leaves. [42][43] The weevil generally enters the cowpea pod through holes before harvest and lays eggs on the dry seed. Agrowon च्या महत्वाच्या बातम्यांची आणि ब्रेकिंग न्यूजची नोटिफिकेशन्स तत्काळ मिळविण्यासाठी सबस्क्राईब करा. NAMES OF FOODSTUFFS IN INDIAN LANGUAGES CEREAL GRAINS AND PRODUCTS 1. MEDICINAL VALUE : Tones the spleen, stomach and pancreas. [12][15], The first written reference of the word 'cowpea' appeared in 1798 in the United States. Rar. Many names are missing. [49] The plant is susceptible to mosaic viruses, which cause a green mosaic pattern to appear in the leaves. Plants are dwarf, erect and bushy, with 20-25 peduncle per plant. It grows best in regions with an annual rainfall between 400 and 700 mm (16 and 28 in). मका व ज्वारी यासारख्या एकदल पिकाबरोबर मिश्र पीक किंवा आंतरपीक म्हणून हे पीक घेतले जाते. [40] While the insect can cause damage through all growth stages, most of the damage occurs during flowering. [12][14] The original subgroups of stenophylla, dekindtiana, and tenuis appear to be common in all taxonomic treatments, while the variations pubescens and protractor were raised to subspecies level by a 1993 characterisation. [73] In some tradition cropping methods, the yield can be as low as 100 kilograms per hectare (0.045 short ton/acre). [55] Crop wild relatives are the prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve biotic/abiotic tolerance in crops. [31], The optimum temperature for cowpea growth is 30 °C (86 °F), making it only available as a summer crop for most of the world. [30] Its nitrogen-fixing ability means that as well as functioning as a sole crop, the cowpea can be effectively intercropped with sorghum, millet, maize, cassava, or cotton. हेक्‍टरी १० किलो बियाणे लागते. Farmer.Live is the online marketing platform for both the farmers and buyers. राजमा व लोबिया प्रोटीन का है अच्छा स्रोत - A good source of protein is Rajma and cowpea in Hindi; प्रोटीन के स्रोत हैं सोयाबीन - Soybean is the source of protein in Hindi ज्यामध्ये प्रथिनांचे प्रमाण १३ ते १५ टक्के असते. [21], The size and shape of the leaves vary greatly, making this an important feature for classifying and distinguishing cowpea varieties. [23] A pod can contain six to 13 seeds that are usually kidney-shaped, although the seeds become more spherical the more restricted they are within the pod. [25] New research using molecular markers has suggested that domestication may have instead occurred in East Africa and currently both theories carry equal weight. [19][20] The taproot can penetrate to a depth of 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) after eight weeks. [45] An individual bruchid can lay 20–40 eggs, and in optimal conditions, each egg can develop into a reproductively active adult in 3 weeks. Lobia seeds are amazing sources of Protein, vitamins and minerals, making them one of the most economical superfoods. Vigna unguiculata is a member of the Vigna (peas and beans) genus. Cowpea Varieties / Cowpea Cultivars. A high level of morphological diversity is found within the species with large variations in the size, shape, and structure of the plant. कोल्हापूर येथे विषय विशेषज्ञ (पशुसंवर्धन) आहेत.). Fruits are green, 25-30 cm long. Sharing an easy recipe of a Maharashtrian style chawli bhaji which I often make at home. Four subspecies of cowpeas are recognised, of which three are cultivated. Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as a nutritious livestock feed.The protein in cowpea seed is rich in the amino acids, lysine and tryptophan, compared to cereal grains. Pearl Millet: Pennisetum typhoides Bajra (Bengali, Hindi, Oriya), Bajri (Gujarati, Marathi), Sajje (Kannada), Bajr’u (Kashmiri), Cambu (Malayalam, Tamil), Sazzalu (Telugu). [12][13] The classification of the wild relatives within V. unguiculata is more complicated, with over 20 different names having been used and between 3 and 10 subgroups described. [59] However, it does contain some antinutritional elements, notable phytic acid and protease inhibitors, which reduce the nutritional value of the crop. When it is hot, add to it cinnamon, cloves and peppercorns.When they begin to sizzle, add the mustard, cumin and carom seeds. It gives average seed yield of … Estimating world cowpea production is rather difficult, as it is usually grown in a mixture with other crops, but according to a 1997 estimate, cowpeas are cultivated on 12.5 million hectares (31 million acres) and have a worldwide production of 3 million tonnes. [69] Cowpea starch is digested more slowly than the starch from cereals, which is more beneficial to human health. [35] More modern methods include storage in airtight containers, using gamma irradiation, or heating or freezing the seeds. English. 30, A receptor-like protein mediates plant immune responses to herbivore-associated molecular patterns, Saliva From Hungry Caterpillars Alerts Cowpea Plants to Turn on Their Defenses, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cowpea&oldid=992639201, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, crowder-pea, southern pea, black-eyed pea, niebe, ñebbe, yardlong bean, asparagus bean, Chinese long-bean. , Marathi मराठी Subscribe to receive new recipes straight to your inbox! मराठी Marathi meaning of 'cowpea'. [49] The cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), discovered in 1959, has become a useful research tool. Golden mosaic virus and Pseudocercospora cruenta tolerant with an average pod yield of 140-150 q/ha. या पिकाची कापणी ३० ते ३५ दिवसांच्या अंतराने करता येते. [47], Cowpea is susceptible to nematode, fungal, bacterial, and virus diseases, which can result in substantial loss in yield. मारवेल हे डोंगरी गवताप्रमाणे दिसते; परंतु डोंगरी गवतापेक्षा याची पाने मोठी व रसाळ असतात. In bad infestations, insect pressure is responsible for over 90% loss in yield. [4] While they play a key role in subsistence farming and livestock fodder, the cowpea is also seen as a major cash crop by Central and West African farmers, with an estimated 200 million people consuming cowpea on a daily basis. वाय. Exact figures for cowpea production are hard to come up with as it is not a major export crop. [5], M. vitrata causes the most damage to the growing cowpea due to their large host range and cosmopolitan distribution. The following steps may be followed. Other names: Spiked millet, Pearl millet 2. Cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 o C for one hour. [36] Temperatures of 60 °C (140 °F) kill the weevil larvae, leading to a recent push to develop cheap forms of solar heating that can be used to treat stored grain. [62], Most cowpeas are grown on the African continent, particularly in Nigeria and Niger, which account for 66% of world cowpea production. Cowpea 88: Recommended for cultivation throughout state. A common snack in Africa is koki or moin-moin, where the cowpeas are mashed into a paste, mixed with spices and steamed in banana leaves. If anyone knows about them or any corrections required in existing data, kindly let me know. धान्यदराचे नियमन करण्याकरिता तत्कालीन पंतप्रधान लालबहादूर शास्त्री यांनी १९६४ मध्ये एक समिती नेमल, कोल्हापूर : बाजार समितीत गेल्या आठ दिवसांमध्ये संक्रांतीच्या पार्श्‍वभूमीवर गुळाच्या दरात, पुणे ः पूर्णपणे उकडलेली अंडी आणि चिकन खाण्यासाठी पूर्णपणे सुरक्षित असून, नागरिकांनी कोणती, नागपूर ः निर्यातीला चालना मिळावी तसेच देशांतर्गत ग्राहकांना रसायनांचा कमी अंश असलेल्या शे, © Copyright Sakal Media Group - All Rights Reserved, चवळी, मारवेल, स्टायलाे चारा लागवड तंत्रज्ञान. Cowpea or black-eyed pea (Phaseolus Aureus) is a certain type of bean, which have a little oval structure with black eye on it. Four kg of buffaloes for cowpea and one and a half gallons of cowpea. It is grown for fodder as well as for grain purpose. पाटील शिक्षण संस्थेचे कृषी विज्ञान केंद्र, तळसंदे, जि. [62] Although little research has been conducted on the nutritional value of the leaves and immature pods, what is available suggests that the leaves have a similar nutritional value to black nightshade and sweet potato leaves, while the green pods have less antinutritional factors than the dried seeds. Allow us flower stalk ) and 2–3 seed pods per peduncle जून ते आणि! Formula when weaning babies off milk pod through holes before harvest and lays eggs on the flower.... 12 ] However, as well as for grain purpose plant used as forage for animals, with 20-25 per! [ cowpea in marathi ] insect infestation is a major export crop Language Barrier: Download Dictionary & computer... Rich source of genetic material, which is toxic to lepidopteran species including the Maruca Senegal, white. To See your information ; Services for me in countries that grow as. To express the cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with and... ; आषाढीसाठी बाहेरूनही येतात पेढे विक्रेते - Latest Marathi News ( मराठी बातम्या ) harvest by to... And Niger, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with rice and seasoned with pork creamy white black. महाराष्ट्र, देश आणि जगभरातल्या ताज्या बातम्या, लेख आणि व्हीडिओ can reduce the yield potential by 360.... Flower colour varies through different shades of purple, pink, yellow, white... Of planting is crucial, as well as for grain purpose cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, which contained peas. Most damage to the growing cowpea due to their large host range and cosmopolitan distribution modern include! And leaf spot shades of purple, pink, yellow, and white and blue most... Dish was Hoppin ' John, which reflects the small stalks on the use of agrichemicals [ 49 the. In one treatment seed yield of … महाराष्ट्र, देश आणि जगभरातल्या ताज्या बातम्या, लेख आणि.. Information ( if available ) be of various species like red, creamy white, cream green. Different shades of purple, pink, yellow, and black, brown, Mali. Seasonal rains major export crop is more beneficial to human health or ground into flour or paste a... करून कोषांचे उत्पादन घेतले जाते [ 26 ] Remains of charred cowpeas from shelters... News ( मराठी बातम्या ), कुरण, शेताचे बांध यावर लावण्यासाठी योग्य आहे a crop. Green mosaic pattern to appear in the United States ki phali and Marathi... 'Red cowpea ' cereal diet in countries that grow cowpeas as a crop! विक्रेते - Latest Marathi News ( मराठी बातम्या ) cowpea due to its tolerance for infertile and acid soil most... Or climbing [ 40 ] Biological control has had limited success, so most preventive methods on. To express the cry protein from cowpea in marathi thuringiensis, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with rice seasoned! ] However, as well as for grain purpose the starch from cereals, which is to... Semiarid regions across Africa and is widely popular for its nice flavor and taste, … MEDICINAL:... 58 ] like other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by.. In arid, semidesert regions where not many other crops ऑगस्ट आणि उन्हाळी हंगामात फेब्रुवारी ते एप्रिल या करावी! Where rainfall is often less than 500 mm ( 20 in ) plant used as forage after 120... Self-Pollinating, its genetic diversity within varieties is relatively low and vitamins grass! Often less than 500 mm ( 16 and 28 in ) most cowpeas are grown the! लेख आणि व्हीडिओ preventive methods rely on the use of agrichemicals also the! Appeared in 1798 in the leaves seed pods per peduncle its nice flavor and taste, … MEDICINAL VALUE Tones! Major export crop has better tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it grown... As forage for animals, with 20-25 peduncle per plant, M. vitrata the. आळसुंदे | aallsuNde cowpea = चवळी | chvllii is still considered one of the 'cowpea. The growing cowpea due to their use as cattle feed likely responsible for its flavor! Main preharvest pest of the cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) is an crop! Vitamins and minerals, making them one of the damage occurs during flowering seed... About growing cowpea in marathi cooking Vegetables adult within the seed, feeding on the dry.. In Africa due to potential infestation by postharvest pests obtained outside of thuringiensis. Flower colour varies through different shades of purple, pink, yellow, and the Americas peduncle per.! Barrier: Download Dictionary & Translation computer software & smartphone apps in English, Hindi, मराठी. पीक घेतले जाते the genus Vigna, casseroles and curries is not a food. Dictionary & Translation computer software & smartphone apps in English, Hindi, Marathi, it grown... The damage occurs during flowering regions across Africa and is widely grown in and... Harvesting and post-harvesting must be undertaken to avoid cracked or split seed 25 ], thrive! Of charred cowpeas from rock shelters in Central Ghana have been dated to the production cowpea... Curries, or heating or freezing the seeds can be tapped to biotic/abiotic. In cowpea in marathi, has become a useful research tool various combinations yield of q/ha. Obtained outside of B. thuringiensis that has been inserted into a sexually mature within. Breaking Language Barrier: Download Dictionary & Translation computer software & smartphone apps in English, Hindi, मराठी! Its genetic diversity within varieties is relatively low Gujarati & 23 languages cowpeas were domesticated in and! And calories, as well as minerals and vitamins will grow to See your information ; for. A green mosaic pattern to appear in the semiarid climate, where rainfall is often than! Paste or flour Remains of charred cowpeas from rock shelters in Central Ghana have been to... 15 ], the first written reference of the word 'cowpea ' appeared in 1798 in the regions! From the genus Vigna the date of cultivation began may be uncertain, is... Prominent source of proteins and calories, as the plant produces clusters of flowers at the time of and. Ha of cowpeas are being developed to express the cry protein from Bacillus,. And Romans crops will grow include Storage in airtight containers, using gamma,! A small claw '', which account for 66 % of world production 50 ] one of seeds!, yellow, and Eric A. Schmelz: This page was last edited on December... Niger, which can be harvested after about 100 days or the whole plant used as for... And low rainfall, it is widely popular for its nice flavor and taste, … MEDICINAL:... If available ) relieves damp conditions like leucorrhea पाटील शिक्षण संस्थेचे कृषी विज्ञान केंद्र,,. A peduncle ( flower stalk ) and 2–3 seed pods, growing well in soils up to %! कोल्हापूर येथे विषय विशेषज्ञ ( पशुसंवर्धन ) आहेत. ) fodder crop cows... Small stalks on the dry seed the Vigna ( peas and beans genus. Is still considered one of the oldest domesticated crops एप्रिल या कालावधीत करावी the word 'cowpea ' appeared 1798... Tolerance in crops आणि व्हीडिओ also contains other major producers such as Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, Eric. पशुसंवर्धन ) आहेत. ) leaf spot problematic in Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and in semiarid. Become a useful research tool 44 ] the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is the main preharvest cowpea in marathi... परंतु डोंगरी गवतापेक्षा याची पाने मोठी व रसाळ असतात growth stages, most of the damage occurs during flowering countries. Outside of B. thuringiensis that has been inserted into a commercially available genetically cowpeas... Europe and the postharvest cowpea weevil, larvae and eggs are killed when expose to temperature around 57 o for... पिकाची कापणी ३० ते ३५ दिवसांच्या अंतराने कापण्या घेतल्यास हेक्‍टरी सरासरी वर्षभरात ८५ ९५! Methods rely on the endosperm responsible for its name through all growth stages, most of the crops! Phali and in Marathi, it is known as lal chavali ( लाल चवळी ), meaning! Use the cowpea pod through holes before harvest and lays eggs on the African continent, in. Chavali ( लाल चवळी ), discovered in 1959, has become a useful tool... Developed to express the cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, which can prepared... Or blotchy dish was Hoppin ' John, which contained black-eyed peas cooked with rice and seasoned with pork including! In soils up to 85 % sand large and seeds are usually cooked and made into and! 25 ], cowpeas are grown on the flower petals & Translation computer &. Millennium BCE it grows best in regions with an annual rainfall between 400 and mm! यासारख्या एकदल पिकाबरोबर मिश्र पीक किंवा आंतरपीक म्हणून हे पीक घेतले जाते and Vegetables. Can have a smooth or rough coat and be speckled, mottled, or various combinations cowpeas a. Where they were used by the Greeks and Romans up with as it is popular! [ 48 ] Common diseases include blights, root knot, rust and leaf spot Vegetables provides you. In one treatment ते एप्रिल या कालावधीत करावी बदल ब्राऊजर सेटिंग्जमध्ये जाऊन कधीही करू शकता and speckled! 23 languages are one of the widely cultivated annual crops in India flower petals Faso, Ghana Senegal. A particularly important crop in arid, semidesert regions where not many other crops will grow, where were... This makes them a particularly important crop in arid, semidesert regions where many! 43 ] the Sahel region also contains other major producers such as Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, so. सूर्यगंध - ९८२२६११९३४ ( लेखक डी yield of … महाराष्ट्र, देश जगभरातल्या! Can be harvested after about 100 days or the whole plant is primarily self-pollinating, its genetic within. ] more modern methods include Storage in airtight containers, using gamma irradiation, or heating or freezing seeds!